Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42483476›Full record

ArticleGMS hygiene and infection control2026

S2k Guideline: Hygienic requirements for patient beds, bed linen, bed accessories and personal protection when handling beds.

Axel Kramer, Julia Seifert, Bernd Gruber, Marianne Abele-Horn, Mardjan Arvand, Alexander Blacky, Michael Buerke, Iris Chaberny, Maria Deja, Steffen Engelhart and 17 more

Abstract readCorrected and Republished Article
In one paragraph

Article in GMS hygiene and infection control, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Axel KramerGerman Society for General and Hospital Hygiene, Berlin, Germany.
Julia SeifertGerman Trauma Society, Berlin, Germany.
Bernd GruberGerman Nursing Council, Berlin, Germany.
Marianne Abele-HornPaul Ehrlich Society for Infection Therapy, Munich, Germany.
Mardjan ArvandRobert Koch Institute, Department Infectious Diseases, Unit Hospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Berlin, Germany.
Alexander BlackyAustrian Society for Hospital Hygiene, Vienna, Austria.
Michael BuerkeGerman Cardiac Society, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Iris ChabernyGerman Society for Hygiene and Microbiology, Münster, Germany.
Maria DejaGerman Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Munich, Germany.
Steffen EngelhartSociety of Hygiene, Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Müllheim, Germany.
Dieter EschbergerVienna Regional Office of the Austrian Workers' Compensation Insurance, Vienna, Austria.
Anja GerhardtsHohenstein Institute for Textile Innovation gGmbH (HIT), Bönningheim, Germany.
Achim HedtmannProfessional Association of Orthopaedic and Trauma Specialists (BVOU), German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma, Berlin, Germany.
Julia HeiderGerman Society for Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Surgery, Hofheim am Taunus, Germany.
Christian JäkelDr. Jäkel, Medical Law, Pharmaceuticals Law, Medical Devices Law, Luebben, Germany.
Peter KalbeProfessional Association of German Surgery, Berlin, Germany.
Horst LuckhauptGerman Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bonn, Germany.
Wolfgang MüllerFormer Head of the Office of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany.
Alexander NovotnyGerman Society for Surgery, Berlin, Germany.
Cihan PapanGerman Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany.
Hansjürgen PiechotaGerman Society for Urology, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Frank-Albert PittenGerman Society for General and Hospital Hygiene, Berlin, Germany.
Veronika ReineckeGerman-speaking Interest Group of Experts for Infection Prevention and Consultants for Hospital Hygiene, Zurich, Switzerland.
Simone ScheithauerGerman Society for Hygiene and Microbiology, Münster, Germany.
Dieter SchillingGerman Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Berlin, Germany.
Walter Schulz-SchaefferDepartment of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty of the Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Ulrich SunderdiekGerman X-ray Society and German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy, Berlin, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hospitalized patients are often more susceptible to infection than healthy people due to their illness, the presence of devices and their reduced immune defenses. At the same time, potentially pathogenic pathogens, which are often characterized by antibiotic resistance, are released into the area close to the patient, including the bed. To prevent hospital beds from becoming a source of nosocomial infections, bed linen and hospital beds, including encasings or pillows and comforters, must be disinfected before reoccupation, in contrast to hotel beds. The guideline outlines the hygienic and ergonomic requirements for hospital beds, ensuring bed hygiene during the patient's stay and the principles of bed reprocessing, including organization, quality assurance and staff protection, in 40 recommendations.

Indexed as

Acinetobacterbarrier coverbed insertsbed linenblanket corechangingchemothermal disinfection-washing proceduresdisinfectionencasingergonomic requirementfinal disinfectionhygienic requirementK. pneumoniae; C. difficile; Shigella; C. auris; NorovirusMRSAneck pillowsnosokomiale InfektionP. aeruginosapatient bedpatient comfortpersonal protectionpillowsreprocessingreprocessing controlVRE

Identifiers

PMID42483476
PMCPMC13387138

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.