ReviewFrontiers in transplantation2026
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation: a comprehensive review.
Review in Frontiers in transplantation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious and heterogeneous neoplastic complication of solid organ transplantation (SOT), arising in the setting of sustained pharmacological immunosuppression. This review is specifically focused on PTLD in the SOT setting; PTLD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) differs substantially in risk factors, pathogenesis, and management, and is beyond the scope of this work. PTLD incidence ranges from 1% to 20%, depending on the grafted organ, with the highest per-procedure rates in intestinal and multiorgan transplants, and the highest absolute case burden in kidney recipients, given transplant volume. PTLD demonstrates a bimodal temporal distribution: an early, predominantly EBV-driven peak at 12-24 months post-transplant, and a late peak at 5-10 years, with a higher proportion of EBV-negative cases. Contemporary evidence suggests a possible decline in early EBV-positive PTLD with improved surveillance, while late-onset EBV-negative PTLD is stable or increasing. EBV establishes latency type III in PTLD-associated B cells, driving proliferation through viral oncoproteins LMP1 and EBNA2. The latency program correlates with histological category and clinical behavior: latency III predominates in early lesions and polymorphic PTLD with strong EBER expression, whereas EBV-negative monomorphic PTLD displays greater genomic complexity, resembling
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