ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2026
Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes mellitus type 2-related chronic kidney disease from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040. Methods: The prevalence, death, and corresponding age-standardized rates were assessed on the basis of the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, and future trends up to 2040 were determined using the autoregressive integrated moving average model. Results: In 2021, T2DM-CKD caused 107,559,955 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 99,170,797 to 115,994,732) prevalence cases and 477,273 (95% UI: 401,541 to 565,951) deaths globally. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) were 1259.6 (95% UI: 1162 to 1359.9) and 5.7 (95% UI: 4.8 to 6.8), respectively. The highest ASPRs and ASDRs were observed in Southeast Asia (1739.3, 95% UI: 1595.7 to 1883.9) and Andean Latin America (14.9, 95% UI: 11.5 to 19.2), respectively. Mauritius (1884.2, 95% UI: 1644.5 to 2141.8) and American Samoa (51.9, 95% UI: 40 to 64.7) had the highest ASPR and ASDR, respectively. Overall, the ASPRs (1.11-fold) and ASDRs (1.37-fold) were higher in men than in women in 2021, particularly in the 65-69 age bracket. By 2040, 122,873,316 prevalences and 699,043 deaths are projected to increase by 14.24% and 46.47%, respectively, relative to 2021. Conclusion: Globally, T2DM-CKD poses a considerable disease burden but is preventable and treatable. Thus, it should be considered in global health policies, particularly for older populations and in low- and middle-sociodemographic index regions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.