Iranian Older Adults' Experiences of the Age-friendliness of Kashan City: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study.

Background: The global aging population has intensified the urgency to design age-friendly cities that ensure equitable access to services and foster active participation among older adults. Despite extensive research on age-friendly initiatives, there remains a notable gap in studies exploring older adults' experiences of such environments. This study aimed to explore older adults' experiences of age-friendliness of Kashan City. Methods: This qualitative conventional content analysis was conducted from January to August 2024 in Kashan, Iran. Twenty in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 older adults living in Kashan were performed using a purposive sampling method. Data collection was continued up to data saturation. Data collection and analysis were performed simultaneously, using MAXQDA version 2020. Interviews were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's method, with trustworthiness ensured by Lincoln and Guba's criteria. Results: The central theme "a city with forgotten older people" emerged, along with 18 subcategories and 5 main categories: inadequate open and closed public spaces, transportation and safety concerns, challenges in social participation, and difficulties with technology. Conclusions: Kashan faces challenges in becoming an age-friendly city, as older adults are often excluded from urban planning. A community-based approach emphasizing participation, social ties, and local capacity can improve their quality of life. Beyond infrastructure, policy reforms, caregiver training, and support networks are needed. It is suggested that further studies should explore vulnerable seniors' experiences and Iran's diverse regional and cultural contexts.