ArticleCureus2026
Assessment of Serum Lipocalin-2 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With and Without Retinopathy.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown elevated lipocalin-2 in complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These elevated lipocalin-2 levels have been linked with dysregulated lipid metabolism and inflammation, and they may potentially contribute to the disease severity of DR.
objectiveThe study aimed to assess and compare serum levels of lipocalin-2 in T2DM patients with and without retinopathy and to uncover its role in the progression of DR.
methodsThis study involved 82 T2DM patients divided into two groups according to the presence (n=41) or absence of DR (n=41). Clinical parameters like glucose, lipid profile (triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol), urea, and creatinine values were analyzed using an autoanalyzer. The anthropometric parameters were measured, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for lipocalin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was performed.
resultsSerum levels of lipocalin-2 (<0.01) and TNF-alpha (<0.01) were significantly elevated in patients with DR compared to those without DR.
conclusionThe findings suggest that lipocalin-2 and TNF-alpha could serve as potential circulating biomarkers for DR in individuals with T2DM. Their significant association with DR emphasizes their possible role in early identification of risk and monitoring of disease progression.
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