ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting pathological upgrading/progression of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical, endoscopic, and pathological characteristics of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), identify independent risk factors for pathological upgrading/progression, and construct and internally validate a nomogram for individualized risk stratification. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 278 patients with biopsy-confirmed gastric LGIN who underwent regular endoscopic follow-up at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between November 2016 and June 2023. The primary endpoint was pathological upgrading/progression, defined as either (1) true longitudinal progression from LGIN to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) or gastric cancer (GC) during surveillance biopsy follow-up, or (2) histological upgrading to HGIN or GC in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimens after an initial biopsy diagnosis of LGIN, reflecting possible biopsy underestimation. Univariable analyses were first performed, and variables with Results: Pathological upgrading/progression occurred in 49 (17.63%) patients during follow-up. Multivariate analysis identified four independent risk factors for LGIN upgrading/progression: advanced age ( Conclusion: A nomogram based on age, lesion diameter, enlarged gastric folds, and irregular microvascular pattern provides good predictive value for pathological upgrading/progression in gastric LGIN. This tool may help clinicians optimize individualized surveillance and treatment strategies. Nevertheless, because the composite endpoint includes both true progression and histological upgrading after ESD, the model should be interpreted as predicting the risk of clinically significant pathological upgrading/progression rather than pure natural-history progression alone.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.