ReviewJournal of clinical and experimental dentistry2026
In vitro assessment of integrated apex locator systems: working length accuracy, operational parameters, and mechanical effects on NiTi instruments.
Review in Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of four hybrid endodontic motors-VDW Gold (VDW), iRoot Pro (IRP), E-Connect S (ECS), and TriAuto ZX2 (TZX)-in maintaining length, speed, and angulation during alternating and continuous rotation kinematics and the influence of these parameters on instrument fatigue. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight mandibular incisors (n=12 per group) were used to assess apex locator accuracy during glide path procedures with alternating rotation and auto apical stop (AAS) set to the apical foramen (AF: 0.0). Positioning precision was evaluated using micro-CT, while torsional resistance of instruments was tested per ISO 3630-1. Actual speed and angulation were measured using a tachometer and Arduino system. Cyclic fatigue testing was conducted with Only One File 25.08 instruments in an artificial curved canal (60°, 5 mm radius). Data were statistically analyzed with a significance level of 5%. Results: The evaluated devices exhibited similar precision (p>0.05). The TZX showed the lowest number of determinations beyond the AF (p<0.05). Regarding torsional testing, no significant differences were observed between groups (p>0.05). The equipment showed substantial differences compared to the values displayed on the screen (p<0.05). The Optimum Glide Path (OGP) motion provided significantly higher resistance to cyclic fatigue (p<0.05). Conclusions: All hybrid motors were accurate in length control, with TZX being the most conservative. Kinematics did not influence torsional resistance, but significant differences were found between programmed and real parameters.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.