ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2026
Childhood maltreatment and joint trajectories of social isolation and depression as predictors of cognitive impairment in late midlife: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimsChildhood maltreatment has been associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment in later life, but little is known about whether distinct joint trajectories of social isolation and depression across midlife predict this risk.
methodsUsing a prospective cohort design with documented childhood maltreatment and matched controls (
resultsGBTM identified four groups: 'Not isolated or depressed' (67.7%), 'Moderately isolated' (11.7%), 'Moderately depressed' (16.5%) and 'Chronically isolated and depressed' (4.1%). Using the 'Not isolated or depressed' group as the reference category, membership in the highest-risk trajectory ('Chronically isolated and depressed') was associated with a 41.5% higher risk of CIND, whereas the 'Moderately isolated' and 'Moderately depressed' groups did not differ significantly from the reference group. Black non-Hispanic participants and those with documented childhood maltreatment histories had 32.8% and 21.2% higher risk of CIND, respectively, and each additional year of education was associated with a 4.9% reduction in CIND risk.
conclusionsSustained co-occurring social isolation and depression from early to mid-adulthood predicted increased risk of CIND independent of established risk factors, highlighting prolonged social and emotional difficulties as modifiable targets for late midlife cognitive health.
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