ArticleJournal of surgical oncology2026
Durable Cancer Control and Extended Long-Term Survival Following Salvage Surgery for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal: A Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of surgical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
aimSalvage surgery is the standard-of-care for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCa) who experience isolated locoregional failure after upfront chemoradiotherapy. While perioperative morbidity and short-term survival outcomes have been described, long-term outcomes of surgical salvage are unknown. This study examines recurrence patterns and survival in a cohort of patients with extended follow-up.
methodA retrospective chart review was performed on a cohort of consecutive patients who underwent salvage surgery at two specialized cancer centers between 1987 and 2006. Overall, disease-specific and re-recurrence-free survival (OS, DSS, RRFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic variables were evaluated using univariate and multivariable Cox models.
resultsForty patients were included (29 female, 11 male; median age 56). Median follow-up was 16.5 years (IQR 15.0-20.5) for patients alive at last follow-up. Re-recurrence developed in 52% of patients, 95% of which occurred within 3 years of salvage surgery; re-recurrence was associated with a 91% risk of subsequent SCCa-specific mortality. DSS was 45% (95% CI 30-61) at 5 years, after which point conditional 5-year DSS was 100%.
conclusionApproximately half of patients who undergo salvage surgery for persistent/recurrent SCCa experience durable cancer control with extended long-term survival. Emerging treatment options such as immunotherapy should be evaluated relative to this benchmark.
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