ArticleJournal of translational medicine2026
Effectiveness of a heparin-like glycosaminoglycan from snail mucus in a murine model of dry eye.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Ophthalmic Treatments and Evolving Management of Sjögren's Disease: An Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by tear film instability, inflammation, and epithelial injury, leading to discomfort and visual disturbance. Current treatments remain limited in efficacy and safety. A heparin-like glycosaminoglycan purified from the snail mucus of Achatina fulica (AFG) exhibits potential regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and mechanism of AFG in DED.
methodsThe effects of AFG on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were assessed by cell viability, proliferation, migration, and qRT-PCR analyses of proliferation- and mucin-related genes. In vivo, a benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced murine model of DED was used to evaluate corneal integrity, tear production, histological changes, inflammatory infiltration, and molecular expression following topical AFG treatment. Gene and protein expression levels were examined using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence.
resultsAFG showed no cytotoxicity toward HCE cells and significantly enhanced their proliferation and migration by upregulating K14, KI67, MUC1, and MUC4. In the DED mouse model, topical AFG treatment markedly improved corneal integrity, increased tear secretion, and restored epithelial structure. AFG upregulated the expression of epithelial differentiation and repair markers (K12, K14, PAX6) while downregulating inflammatory genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9, CD45) and reducing macrophage infiltration. These effects collectively promoted corneal epithelial regeneration and tear film stabilization.
conclusionsAFG alleviates dry eye disease by enhancing corneal epithelial proliferation, promoting mucin secretion, and suppressing inflammation. Its heparin-like glycosaminoglycan structure enables biocompatible and multifunctional activity, highlighting AFG as a promising candidate for topical therapy in corneal repair and dry eye management.
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Registered trials
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