Observational studyBMC microbiology2026
Metallo-β-lactamase mediated resistance and Class 1 integron in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates from the clinical specimens of Nepal.
Observational study in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose an escalating public health threat due to their limited therapeutic options and their potential for rapid dissemination in healthcare settings. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as integrons, facilitate the acquisition and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes, contributing to multidrug resistance. This study aimed to detect metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) encoding genes, bla
methodsA six-month observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. A total of 3,255 clinical specimens were processed to isolate Enterobacterales species and to assess their antibiotic susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. Carbapenemase and MBL production were phenotypically confirmed by the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) in combination with the EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM). MBL encoding genes bla
resultsAmong 464 Enterobacterales isolates, 58.6% were multidrug-resistant, and 13.6% were carbapenem-resistant. Phenotypic detection confirmed MBL production in 84.1% of CRE isolates. The bla
conclusionsThe high prevalence of MBL genes and class 1 integrons among CRE isolates highlights a substantial risk of carbapenem resistance spreading in healthcare settings in Nepal. These findings emphasize the urgent need for prompt detection, enhanced infection control and antimicrobial stewardship to curb the spread of highly resistant Enterobacterales.
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