Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42481831›Full record

ArticleNeurocritical care2026

Etiologies, Clinical Characteristics, and Prognostic Impact of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Adults with Encephalitis.

Hazim Allos, Ashley Heck, Paris Bean, Rajesh Gupta, Ralph Habis, Romergryko G Geocadin, John Probasco, Arun Venkatesan, Rodrigo Hasbun

Abstract read
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Article in Neurocritical care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hazim AllosSection of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UTHealth Science Center, McGovern Medical School, 6410 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA. allos.hazim@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7335-9098
Ashley HeckSection of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UTHealth Science Center, McGovern Medical School, 6410 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Paris BeanSection of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UTHealth Science Center, McGovern Medical School, 6410 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Rajesh GuptaDepartment of Neurology, UTHealth Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
Ralph HabisDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Johns Hopkin School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Romergryko G GeocadinDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Johns Hopkin School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
John ProbascoDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Johns Hopkin School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Arun VenkatesanDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Johns Hopkin School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Rodrigo HasbunSection of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UTHealth Science Center, McGovern Medical School, 6410 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEncephalitis may present with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) levels but data on its impact is unknown. We aimed to highlight the associated etiologies, clinical characteristics, and prognostic significance of increased ICP in encephalitis.

methodsThis multicenter retrospective study analyzed adults with encephalitis across 18 hospitals in Houston and Baltimore from 2002 to 2023, describing factors associated with measurement of intracranial pressure and variables associated with elevated intracranial pressure, defined by a lumbar puncture (LP) opening pressure (OP) > 30 cmH

resultsAmong 647 adults with encephalitis, the most common etiologies were unknown (38%), viral (32.9%), autoimmune (18.1%), bacterial (6.2%), and fungal (2.5%), and these did not differ significantly between patients with or without OP measurement or between those with normal versus elevated OP. A total of 298 patients (46%) had OP measured; of these, 242 (81.2%) had an OP < 30 cmH

conclusionsOP was measured in fewer than half of adults with encephalitis. Elevated OP was associated with longer hospital stays, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and worse clinical outcomes, yet was infrequently managed with targeted interventions. Notably, all three patients who underwent nonconservative ICP management survived, with two achieving complete or near-complete neurological recovery, suggesting potential benefit from targeted intervention in select cases.

Indexed as

Central nervous systemEncephalitisIntracranial pressureNeurological outcomes

Identifiers

PMID42481831

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.