ReviewJournal of cutaneous pathology2026
Primary Cutaneous Follicular Helper T-Cell Lymphoma: A Clinicopathological Study of Six Cases and Review of the Literature.
Review in Journal of cutaneous pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrimary cutaneous follicular helper T-cell lymphoma (pcTFH-L) is a rare, poorly characterized entity. We present six new cases to elucidate its clinicopathological features.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical features (TFH markers: PD-1, CXCL13, BCL-6, CD10, ICOS), EBV status, and T-cell receptor clonality of six pcTFH-L cases, comparing findings with 48 previously reported cases.
resultsThe cohort (five males, one female; median age 66.5 years, range 42-75 years) presented with localized skin lesions without B symptoms or lymphadenopathy. All cases showed dermal/subcutaneous infiltration by atypical lymphocytes without epidermotropism (nodular pattern in 4 cases, diffuse pattern in 2 cases). Prominent high endothelial venules (HEVs) were exhibited in 4/6 cases. Neoplastic cells in all cases expressed CD4 and at least three TFH markers, with PD-1 (6/6), ICOS (6/6), and CXCL13 (6/6) being the most sensitive. CD21-positive follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks were observed in 4 of 6 cases. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) was positive in 4 of 6 cases, and clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements were detected in all 6 cases tested. Treatments varied from none to combination chemotherapy, with outcomes ranging from stable disease to complete remission; one patient died of heart failure, and another died at 20 months despite treatment.
conclusionsThis case series reinforces pcTFH-L as a distinct cutaneous lymphoma with a characteristic immunophenotype and microenvironment. The consistent expression of multiple TFH markers, particularly PD-1, ICOS, and CXCL13, is essential for accurate diagnosis and differentiation from other cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. The clinical course appears heterogeneous, with some cases showing indolent behavior while others may have more aggressive outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.