ArticleJournal of rehabilitation medicine2026
The Combined Use of Non-Invasive Neurostimulation with Interactive Digital Technologies in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review.
Article in Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo map the empirical evidence regarding the combined use of non-invasive neurostimulation with interactive digital technologies in spinal cord injury rehabilitation.
designScoping review.
methodsSeven databases facilitated a systematic, 3-block search. Additional searches were performed in Google Scholar, PEDro, and via forward and backward snowballing. Studies were required to report original, clinical data from individuals with spinal cord injury participating in interventions that combine non-invasive neurostimulation with interactive digital technologies. Screening and data extraction were performed by 2 independent reviewers according to pre-specified criteria.
resultsA total of 494 unique records were identified via the database searches, in addition to the 34 unique records identified via additional searches. Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria. Eleven studies delivered peripheral neurostimulation (i.e., neuromuscular/functional electrical stimulation), and 1 study delivered spinal-directed neurostimulation (i.e., transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation). Interactive digital technologies ranged from manual interfaces controlling 2D avatars to immersive, autonomous closed-loop feedback systems.
conclusionThe accumulated evidence suggests that combining non-invasive neurostimulation with interactive digital technologies may enhance task-specific motor recovery and engagement in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. However, the research area is characterized by a low evidentiary standard, prompting a need for higher-quality studies to establish long-term clinical viability.
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Registered trials
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