Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42478615›Full record

ReviewCritical care explorations2026

From Opinions to Outcomes: Optimizing Survey Methods and Principles Applicable to the Delphi Process in Critical Care Research.

Deepa Ramadurai, Vitaly Herasevich, Scott Bolesta, Gretchen M Brophy, Deyin Doreen Hsing, Philippe R Bauer, Pooja Amar Nawathe, Robert MacLaren, Ashish K Khanna, C Jessica Dine

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Critical care explorations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Deepa RamaduraiSection of Pulmonary/Critical Care/Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL.ORCID 0000-0003-3630-4244
Vitaly HerasevichDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Scott BolestaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA.
Gretchen M BrophyDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
Deyin Doreen HsingDepartment of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
Philippe R BauerDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.
Pooja Amar NawatheDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Cedars Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA.
Robert MacLarenDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO.
Ashish K KhannaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC.
C Jessica DinePulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSurvey research in critical care has dramatically increased over the past 25 years, and use of surveys within Delphi methods, which provide consensus definitions for heterogeneous disease states, has similarly expanded significantly. It is crucial for survey researchers to understand the nuances of survey development and expectations of information provided by surveys, to use them correctly. Few simple sources exist to guide development considerations to generate high-quality survey research. No studies to our knowledge exist that draw parallels between the principles of survey research as a guide within the Delphi process, as one potential conduit between a steering committee and expert panel.

methodsWe present a narrative review of and framework for rigorous design of survey research, highlighting the applicability to the design of surveys administered within Delphi methods. RESULTS AND

conclusionsThe methodologic considerations presented for survey research and Delphi methods can inform high-quality critical care research.

Indexed as

Critical CareDelphi TechniqueResearch DesignConsensusHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesDelphi methodsexpert consensusquestionnaire designquestionnaires and surveyssurvey methods

Identifiers

PMID42478615
PMCPMC13391133

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.