Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42478251›Full record

ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2026

Developing Regionally Coordinated Infection Control Strategies for Carbapenem-Resistant and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in Acute and Long-Term Care Hospitals: A Delphi Study.

Naae Lee, Songhui Lee, Eunmi Kim, Seung Soon Lee, Won Sup Oh, Young Keun Kim, Eun Hee Song, Seungmin Jeong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Naae LeeGangwon State Center for Infectious Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-1079
Songhui LeeGangwon State Center for Infectious Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9471-0267
Eunmi KimGangwon State Center for Infectious Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-8141
Seung Soon LeeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea. hushh93@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1797-3426
Won Sup OhGangwon State Center for Infectious Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4992-4787
Young Keun KimDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2120-6265
Eun Hee SongDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-3227
Seungmin JeongGangwon State Center for Infectious Diseases, Chuncheon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-3324

Funding

Korea National Institute of Health 2024-ER2208-01Korea National Institute of Infectious Diseases
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), particularly carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), remain a major global public health concern. In Korea, reports from acute care hospitals (ACHs) have increased in absolute numbers, while those from long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) have risen both in numbers and in proportion. This Delphi study aimed to develop expert consensus to inform national CPE infection control policy by identifying key challenges, essential program components in ACHs and LTCHs, and strategies for regional coordination between healthcare facilities.

methodsA three-round Delphi study was conducted between October 2024 and February 2025 with 19 experts, including infectious disease physicians and infection control nurse leaders. The first round consisted of open-ended and multiple-choice questions to assess expert responses on the current practices and areas for improvement. Based on these responses, 85 items were rated on a 10-point Likert scale in the second and third rounds. Consensus was determined using content validity ratio, degree of convergence, and degree of consensus. Final strategies were then proposed by prioritizing items with the highest agreement and adapting them to the Korean healthcare context.

resultsOf 85 items evaluated, 56 achieved consensus. In ACHs, the highest priorities focused on strengthening surveillance activities for high-risk patients with CRE/CPE, antimicrobial stewardship, and healthcare-associated infection surveillance, supported by sufficient financial and workforce resources. In LTCHs, the top priorities included admission screening and testing for CRE/CPE supported by national reimbursement and effective communication within and between healthcare facilities to ensure timely information transfer. Experts prioritized implementing standardized transfer records to indicate whether patients are CRE/CPE carriers or belong to high-risk groups, and expanding national reimbursement for screening, testing, and related infection control activities as key measures to enhance information sharing and regional collaboration.

conclusionThe Delphi consensus identified key priorities to strengthen CRE/CPE surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship in ACHs, expand reimbursed screening testing in LTCHs, and establish standardized interfacility transfer communication. These findings support regionally coordinated policies to enhance CRE/CPE infection control in Korea provide evidence for national policy development.

Indexed as

Bacterial Proteinsbeta-LactamasesCarbapenem-Resistant EnterobacteriaceaeEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsInfection ControlAnti-Bacterial AgentsCarbapenemsDelphi TechniqueHospitalsHumansLong-Term CareRepublic of KoreaAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial Proteinsbeta-LactamasescarbapenemaseCarbapenemsCarbapenem-Producing EnterobacteralesCarbapenem-Resistant EnterobacteralesDelphi TechniqueInfection ControlInterfacility CommunicationRegional Coordination

Identifiers

PMID42478251
PMCPMC13387852

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.