ArticleJournal of diabetes2026
Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Prognosis in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Without Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Influence of Beta Blockers on Prognosis in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated With Normal Ejection Fraction
Influence of Beta-Blockers on Prognosis in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated With Normal Ejection Fraction
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prognostic value of the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remains unclear.
methodsThis multicenter retrospective cohort study included 1706 patients with AMI without reduced LVEF. HGI was calculated as measured HbA1c minus predicted HbA1c. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to evaluate nonlinear associations between HGI and outcomes and identify the cutoff value. Piecewise Cox regression and subgroup analyses were also performed. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as a composite of rehospitalization for heart failure (HF), recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular death.
resultsThe median follow-up was 3.86 (2.30-4.98) years. RCS analysis showed a non-linear association between HGI and adverse outcomes, with a cutoff at -0.174. In patients with HGI ≤ -0.174, higher HGI was associated with lower risks of rehospitalization for HF (HR = 0.600, 95% CI: 0.464-0.776), recurrent MI (HR = 0.599, 95% CI: 0.365-0.983), cardiovascular death (HR = 0.627, 95% CI: 0.458-0.859), all-cause death (HR = 0.552, 95% CI: 0.428-0.713), and MACEs (HR = 0.603, 95% CI: 0.483-0.753) after multivariable adjustment. In contrast, no significant associations were observed in patients with HGI > -0.174 after adjustment. Within the lower-HGI subgroup, severely low HGI was associated with a higher risk of rehospitalization for HF and MACEs compared with mildly low HGI. Subgroup analyses were generally consistent with the main results.
conclusionsIn AMI patients without reduced LVEF, HGI showed a non-linear association with adverse outcomes, mainly in the lower-HGI range. These exploratory findings require prospective validation before clinical application.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04485988 and NCT04564365.
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