ArticleSleep2026
Functional brain network stability reflects individual resilience during sleep deprivation.
Article in Sleep, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
STUDY
objectivesSleep deprivation is known to impair cognitive performance, but individuals differ in their ability to maintain function under sleep loss. This study examined the neural mechanisms that support such resilience by tracking changes in resting-state functional connectivity during prolonged wakefulness. MATERIALS AND
methodsSix resting-state fMRI sessions obtained during approximately the first 32 hours of a 39-hour total sleep deprivation protocol were analyzed in 16 healthy adults, enabling unusually dense longitudinal sampling of brain network dynamics during prolonged wakefulness. Functional connectivity changes were analyzed using network-based statistics as the primary approach for analyzing pairwise functional connectivity, with nodal strength used as a secondary node-level follow-up analysis in relation to a behavioral resilience index derived from psychomotor vigilance performance.
resultsTwo NBS-defined subnetworks, referred to here as the thalamocortical and perceptual-memory subnetworks, showed significant interactions between time awake and resilience, indicating that the trajectory of functional connectivity across prolonged wakefulness differed as a function of behavioral resilience. Participants with higher resilience showed less negative connectivity trajectories within these networks, particularly in the thalamus, globus pallidus, and visual cortex. In contrast, participants with lower resilience exhibited progressive declines in connectivity.
conclusionThe ability to withstand the cognitive effects of sleep deprivation appears to be associated with less negative connectivity trajectories within thalamocortical and perceptual-memory subnetworks. These patterns may represent state-dependent neural correlates of resilience during sleep deprivation and may be relevant to future fatigue-state monitoring. Statement of Significance People differ widely in how well they stay alert and perform when they lose sleep, but the brain basis of this resilience is still not well understood. By repeatedly measuring brain activity during extended wakefulness, we found that people who performed better also showed stronger connectivity in brain systems linked to alertness and higher-level visual processing. Those who remained more resilient kept these brain systems working together more effectively, while those who were more vulnerable showed a greater loss of coordination and poorer performance over time. These findings contribute to understanding why some people maintain performance better than others during sleep loss and may support future efforts to monitor fatigue and protect performance in high-demand settings.
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