ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2026
Prevalence, determinants, and wealth-related inequalities in malaria among under five children in Uganda: evidence from the malaria indicator survey.
Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMalaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in Uganda. Despite national control efforts, significant disparities and inequalities in prevalence persist across regions, residences, and mean socio-economic status. This study examines the socio-demographic factors and wealth-related inequalities associated with malaria among children under five in Uganda. METHODOLOGY: A secondary analysis of data from the Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey (UMIS) 2018-2019 was conducted. A sample of 4,600 children with malaria test results was included in the study. The distribution of malaria prevalence across socio-demographic factors was analysed using cross-tabulations and a chi-squared test. Malaria-related inequalities were measured using equity plots and the concentration index (CIX). A multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between malaria prevalence and associated factors. The results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsAlmost twenty-three in every 100 children under five had malaria infection (95% CI: 19.2-27.0). Regional variations in malaria prevalence and wealth-related inequalities were observed. The multilevel model identified several significant independent factors: older child age (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.51-2.96, P < 0.001), child's anemia (aOR = 3.16, 95% CI: 2.33-4.29, P < 0.001), and larger household size (aOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.13-3.45, P < 0.05) were positively associated with malaria in children under five years in Uganda. A negative concentration index (CIX = - 0.334, P < 0.001) was also observed, indicating that higher malaria prevalence is concentrated among children in the poorest wealth quintile.
conclusionMalaria prevalence in Uganda is associated with a complex interplay of socioeconomic and geographic factors. The substantial disparities observed highlight the need for tailored public health strategies designed for high-burden regions and vulnerable communities to reduce disease burden effectively.
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