ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Glutamine synthetase genes family mediates nitrogen metabolism and disease responses in Kentucky bluegrass.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), an important cool-season turfgrass species, requires adequate nitrogen (N) fertilization for normal growth and development. It is also susceptible to infection by pathogens. The glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family, known to play central roles in plant N metabolism and disease responses across higher plants, has functions that remain uncharacterized in Kentucky bluegrass.
resultsWe identified and characterized four GS genes (PpGS1.1, PpGS1.2, PpGS1.3, and PpGS2) in Kentucky bluegrass. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and structural analysis confirmed conserved functional domains and critical residues involved in substrate binding, phosphotransfer activity, thermostability, and cation coordination. Expression analyses showed that under low-nitrogen (LN) stress, PpGS1.1 was strongly upregulated (∼200%), while PpGS1.3 and PpGS2 showed modest increases (∼20%), and PpGS1.2 was unresponsive. Conversely, powdery mildew infection inhibits PpGS1.1 (∼79.4%), PpGS1.3(∼40.2%), and PpGS2 (∼76.2%) expression level, with PpGS1.2 unchanged. Transgenic tobacco overexpressing PpGS genes exhibited enhanced growth under LN stress, with higher N metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced superoxide accumulation, and increased root length and fresh weight. However, upon tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inoculation, these lines developed larger lesions and showed reduced antioxidant enzyme activities.
conclusionThe study reveals GS genes family mediates N metabolism and disease responses in Kentucky bluegrass. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for turfgrass N management and disease resistance breeding, which is critical for developing elite Kentucky bluegrass cultivars with LN input and durable disease resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.