ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Source-sink nitrogen dynamics and their response to variable nitrogen levels during rice grain filling.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundRice grains largely depend on nitrogen (N) remobilization from leaves. However, the dynamics of N species in source (leaf) and sink (grain) tissues and the effects of the external N supply remain unclear.
resultsThis study investigated the dynamic changes and metabolic characteristics of major N fractions in flag leaves and grains under high-nitrogen (HN) and low-nitrogen (LN) treatments during grain filling. The concentrations of grain nitrate-N (NO₃⁻-N) and amino acid-N (AAs-N) decreased, whereas ammonium-N (NH₄⁺-N) showed dynamic changes, leading to an increased proportion of inorganic N (IN). The total N (TN) in the grain was negatively correlated with NO₃⁻-N but positively correlated with NH₄⁺-N (LN: r = 0.75; HN: r = 0.92). In flag leaves, only NO₃⁻-N increased. Despite similar overall trends, the magnitudes of these changes varied among the N treatments. The grain TN was predominantly supported by AAs-N: under HN, AAs-N accounted for 74.1-50.0%, which consistently exceeded IN (25.9-49.9%); in contrast, under LN at the middle-to-late stages, IN (50.2-69.7%) exceeded AAs-N (49.8-30.3%). HN strengthened the positive correlation between grain NH₄⁺-N and TN, whereas LN intensified the correlations among the leaf N fractions. LN accelerated TN and AAs-N degradation and promoted NO₃⁻-N accumulation and N remobilization in leaves. Furthermore, LN upregulated grain N-assimilating enzymes and leaf NiR, whereas HN maintained relatively high leaf NR and GS. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that hormone signals were involved in regulating rice N metabolism.
conclusionsDuring rice grain filling, NO₃⁻-N, NH₄⁺-N, and AAs-N in grains and leaves dynamically changed and were differentially regulated by enzyme activity and gene expression, ultimately clarifying source‒sink nitrogen dynamics for optimized nitrogen management.
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