Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42474984›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of applied psychology2026

Offering paid sick and family leave is not enough: Leave supportive supervisor behavior training improves policy use, health, and work outcomes.

Ellen Ernst Kossek, Shalene J Allen, Katie M Lawson, Leslie B Hammer, Todd Bodner, Jiayun Xu, Courtney L Holladay, Amanda Woods Herron, Katelyn J Cavanaugh, MacKenna Perry

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of applied psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ellen Ernst KossekDepartment of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Mitch Daniels School of Business, Purdue University.ORCID 0000-0001-7630-6397
Shalene J AllenDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University.ORCID 0000-0001-9054-4543
Katie M LawsonDepartment of Psychological Science, Ball State University.ORCID 0000-0001-8467-4915
Leslie B HammerInstitute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University.ORCID 0000-0001-8066-7531
Todd BodnerDepartment of Psychology, Portland State University.ORCID 0000-0002-7001-274X
Jiayun XuDepartment of Neurology, Oregon Health Sciences University.ORCID 0000-0002-6363-6028
Courtney L HolladayLeadership Institute, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.ORCID 0000-0003-1826-6352
Amanda Woods HerronLeadership Institute, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.ORCID 0000-0002-6092-8367
Katelyn J CavanaughLeadership Institute, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.ORCID 0000-0002-2065-4306
MacKenna PerryClarity Scientific.ORCID 0000-0002-3856-1677

Funding

Family Supportive Supervisor Training and Workplace Assessment ToolR42AG050347 · NIA · WORK LIFE HELP, INC. · PI KOSSEK, ELLEN ERNST · 2021 to 2022
$958k
National Institutes of Health; National Institute on AgingNIA NIH HHS R42 AG050347
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Paid sick and family leave policies provide employees the right to request paid time-off for personal illness or family demands. Yet, they can be underutilized, and their effects show mixed results. Research has underaddressed the disconnect between formal and informal work-family support, clarifying the role of supervisors as contextual resources supporting paid leave. Integrating research on job demands-resources theory, family supportive supervisory behaviors, and work-family policies, we evaluated training designed to increase supervisors' leave supportive supervisor behaviors (LSSB), defined as supervisor behaviors perceived as encouraging employees to access, use, and value paid leave as a resource for managing nonwork time-off demands. We conducted a 6-month field study at two U.S. universities, with random assignment to training (

Indexed as

EmploymentFamily LeaveJob SatisfactionSick LeaveAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID42474984
PMCPMC13390771

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.