ArticleThe Saudi dental journal2026
Association of tobacco use with periodontal status and salivary biomarkers (thiocyanate and pH) among construction workers: a cross-sectional study.
Article in The Saudi dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study aimed to assess and compare the periodontal status, salivary thiocyanate levels and salivary pH among non-tobacco users, smoked tobacco users and smokeless tobacco users. A cross-sectional investigation was carried out on 75 construction workers from active construction sites in Mangalore, Karnataka, India, aged 20-60 years. Participants were categorized into three groups: individuals with no tobacco habit, those consuming smoked tobacco, and those using smokeless tobacco. The periodontal condition of all subjects was evaluated with the WHO Oral Health Assessment Form (2013). Salivary thiocyanate concentration was estimated with an ultraviolet spectrophotometer set at a wavelength of 447 nm, whereas salivary pH was measured using a digital pH meter. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 19.0). To compare variations among the groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Gingival bleeding scores were elevated in smokeless tobacco users (100%) compared to smoked tobacco users (88%) and non-users (48%). Periodontal pockets > 6 mm were found in 84% of smoked tobacco users and 76% of smokeless tobacco users, while non-users had none. Mean salivary thiocyanate levels were significantly higher in smoked tobacco users (11.28 ± 1.23) than in smokeless users (7.67 ± 1.08) and non-users (4.26 ± 1.15) (p < 0.001). Salivary pH was lowest in smokeless tobacco users (6.18 ± 0.49), indicating a more acidic environment compared to smoked tobacco users (6.35 ± 0.54) and non-users (7.76 ± 0.45). Both smoked and smokeless tobacco use were associated with poorer periodontal parameters and altered salivary biomarkers among construction workers. Smoked tobacco users demonstrated higher salivary thiocyanate levels, while smokeless tobacco users exhibited lower salivary pH. These findings suggest that salivary biomarkers may reflect tobacco exposure and warrant further investigation regarding their relationship with periodontal disease severity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.