ArticleStrahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]2026
The estimated dose of radiation to immune cells predicts lymphopenia and reveals technique-Dependent immune sparing in postoperative radiotherapy for early esophageal cancer.
Article in Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al], 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundRadiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) affects patient survival, but previous studies have mostly focused on locally advanced patients receiving chemoradiotherapy, which involves many confounding factors. This study aimed to investigate whether the estimated dose of radiation to immune cells (EDRIC) correlates with hematologic toxicity (especially lymphopenia) in early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy alone, and to compare EDRIC differences among four modern radiotherapy techniques. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 30 patients with early-stage ESCC who received postoperative radiotherapy (5040 cGy in 28 fractions) between 2020 and 2025. None of the patients received chemotherapy or immunotherapy, ensuring treatment homogeneity. EDRIC was calculated using the Ladbury formula. Four treatment plans-intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), and spot scanning proton arc therapy (SPArc)-were generated for each patient in the RayStation system. EDRIC values were compared using the Friedman test followed by Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
resultsComplete blood count data were available for 14 of the 30 patients. In this exploratory analysis, only the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) showed a significant correlation with EDRIC (adjusted R
conclusionIn this exploratory study of early-stage ESCC patients, EDRIC was associated with RIL, explaining approximately 73% of the variation in ALC. EDRIC is highly dependent on radiotherapy technique, with proton therapy-especially SPArc-offering significant immune-sparing advantages. These findings warrant validation in larger prospective cohorts.
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