Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42474755›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2026

Clinical and molecular features of resected breast cancer brain metastases: a single center retrospective cohort study.

Nira A Krasnow, Mia Salans, Michelle Jayaraj, Kelsey Kuwahara, Maggie H Zhou, Lauren Boreta, Steve E Braunstein, Manish K Aghi, Jo Chien, Hope Rugo and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
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Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Nira A Krasnow *Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mia Salans *Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michelle JayarajDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kelsey KuwaharaDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Maggie H ZhouDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lauren BoretaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Steve E BraunsteinDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Manish K AghiDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jo ChienDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Hope RugoDivision of Breast Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Michelle E MeliskoDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Ramin A MorshedDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Harish N VasudevanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Laura A HuppertDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Laura.huppert@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-5608

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo characterize clinical and molecular characteristics and prognosis among patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who undergo brain metastasis (BM) resection.

methodsWe retrospectively identified patients with MBC who underwent BM resection from 2006 to 2024 at a single center. Chart abstraction was utilized to identify key demographic, treatment, and outcome data. Median real-world overall survival (mrwOS) was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method; the Cox proportional hazards model evaluated factors associated with mrwOS.

results107 patients were identified with the following MBC subtypes: hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2-) (n = 26, 24.3%), HER2+ (n = 45, 42.1%), and triple-negative (TNBC; n = 36, 33.6%). At time of initial BM surgical resection, 55 patients (51.4%) had CNS-only disease and 63 patients (58.9%) had a single BM. Most patients received systemic therapy after BM resection (n = 83/95 with available systemic therapy records, 87.4%) and postoperative radiation (n = 92/103 with available post-operative radiation records, 89.3%). Among patients with available BM receptor status (n = 92), 25 (27.2%) had receptor discordance between BM and peripheral tissue testing, mostly loss of BM HR-positivity (n = 20/92, 21.7%). Among patients with available BM NGS testing (n = 40), the most common pathogenic alterations were TP53 mutation (n = 28, 70.0%), ERBB2 amplification (n = 15, 37.5%), and PIK3CA mutation (n = 9, 22.5%); 31 patients (77.5%) had therapeutically targetable mutations. mrwOS from BM resection was longer for patients with HR+/HER2- and HER2+ MBC vs. TNBC (40.3 and 37.8 months vs. 12.6 months, p = 0.04 and p = 0.02 respectively). On multivariate analysis, receipt of systemic therapy (HR 0.09, CI 0.04-0.21, p < 0.01) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (HR 0.41, CI 0.18-0.97, p = 0.04) post-operatively were associated with longer mrwOS. Extracranial disease at time of resection (HR 4.60, CI 2.52-8.39, p < 0.01) and development of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) (HR 6.08, CI 3.00-12.31, p < 0.01) were associated with shorter mrwOS.

conclusionsSurvival after BM resection was ~3 years in patients with HR+/HER2- and HER2+ MBC and ~1 year in patients with TNBC. Extracranial disease at time of BM resection and development of LMD were associated with worse prognosis. Loss of HR-positivity and targetable mutations were present in ~22% and ~75% of resected BMs, respectively, supporting the utility of molecular analysis of resected BMs to guide management.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorBrain NeoplasmsBreast NeoplasmsAdultAgedErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedMutationPrognosisRetrospective StudiesBiomarkers, TumorErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesBrain metastasesCentral nervous system metastasesMetastatic breast cancer

Identifiers

PMID42474755
PMCPMC13385242

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