ArticleForensic toxicology2026
Misoprostol exposure disrupts neural tube development in a chick embryo model: experimental implications for forensic toxicology.
Article in Forensic toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeMisoprostol is a uterotonic agent widely used in obstetric and gynecological practice and is of forensic importance due to its involvement in pregnancy termination cases and related medico-legal evaluations. This study aimed to investigate the effects of misoprostol exposure on neural tube development during early embryogenesis using a chick embryo model.
methodsEarly-stage chick embryos were exposed to different doses of misoprostol. Neural tube development was evaluated through morphometric, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. Morphological changes were assessed, while the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 was examined immunohistochemically. In addition, the expression levels of selected neurodevelopment-related genes were analyzed.
resultsMorphometric assessments revealed neural tube closure defects and developmental delay in the misoprostol-exposed groups. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated decreased PCNA expression and increased caspase-3 expression compared with controls. Molecular analyses showed significant alterations in the expression of genes associated with neurodevelopment.
conclusionMisoprostol exposure adversely affected neural tube development by disrupting cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and neurodevelopment-related gene expression during early embryogenesis. These findings suggest potential developmental risks associated with early embryonic exposure to misoprostol and may contribute to forensic and medico-legal evaluations of prenatal exposure cases.
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