Bio-Inspired Bidirectional Winding Origami With Programmable Modular Reconfigurability and Scalability.

Origami-enabled winding deployable structures offer a promising route to ultralight, compact, and stiff large-scale spacecraft systems. Existing winding origami, however, provides only limited discrete winding-angle options and suffers from strong scale-angle coupling, forcing trade-offs between structural size and functional programmability. Here, we present a bio-inspired origami architecture with bidirectional winding, modular reconfiguration, and scalable extension. Inspired by earwig hindwings, a double axial-folding origami unit is designed and assembled into a circumferential array to form a bidirectionally winding origami foundation. Hybridization with Flasher origami further produces two coupled origami modes that preserve bidirectional winding while inheriting modular scalability. Building on this concept, a bidirectional-winding multilayer origami structure with programmable winding kinematics is developed, where a discrete set of attainable winding angles is generated by assigning layer numbers without changing the central hub or outer boundary size. The resulting design space forms a rich library of winding-angle candidates for programmable deployment. A membrane deployment mechanism is then demonstrated, experimentally confirming bidirectional winding and markedly reduced rotation demand. This work establishes a programmable and scalable platform for large-area forced-deployment systems in civil and aerospace engineering.