Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42473779›Full record

ReviewSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Design and Modulation of Oxygen Vacancy-Rich Catalysts for Hydrogen and Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Energy Conversion.

Zenong Sang, Shuling Liu, Lukuan Zong, Jiaqi Wang, Xinao Wei, Keke Zhao, Yanyan Liu, Jianchun Jiang, Yongfeng Wang, Brandon B J Lee

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zenong SangCollege of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
Shuling LiuCollege of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
Lukuan ZongCollege of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
Jiaqi WangCollege of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
Xinao WeiCollege of Chemistry and Materials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
Keke ZhaoCollege of Chemistry and Materials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
Yanyan LiuCollege of Chemistry and Materials, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-6377
Jianchun JiangInstitute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
Yongfeng WangCenter for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8171-3189
Brandon B J LeeCollege of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-3772

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 22279118National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China 22225202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oxygen vacancies (OVs) represent a powerful defect engineering strategy to overcome the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen/oxygen electrocatalytic reactions-the central bottleneck for sustainable energy conversion. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the design, synthesis, and characterization of OV-rich metal oxide catalysts for the hydrogen evolution, hydrogen oxidation, oxygen evolution, and oxygen reduction reactions. We elucidate the fundamental mechanisms by which OVs enhance catalytic performance via modulating electronic structures, stabilizing crystal phases, accelerating ion migration, and optimizing surface intermediate adsorption. Key synthetic strategies and advanced characterization techniques are critically evaluated, with highlights on their applications in water splitting, ammonia borane hydrolysis, fuel cells, and metal-air batteries. Finally, we identify core challenges including precise OV spatial control, in situ dynamic characterization, and long-term catalyst stability, and provide perspectives for the rational design of high-performance OV-based electrocatalysts.

Indexed as

electrocatalysisgreen energyhydrogen‐related reactionsoxygen‐related reactionsoxygen vacancy

Identifiers

PMID42473779
PMCPMC13533250

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.