ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2026
Comparative Risk of Psoriatic Arthritis in Type 2 Diabetes: An Emulated Target Trial of SGLT2 Inhibitors vs. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Findings Interpretation Concerns Regarding the Emulated Target Trial of SGLT2 Inhibitors vs GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Psoriatic Arthritis [Response to Letter].Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Findings Interpretation Concerns Regarding the Emulated Target Trial of SGLT2 Inhibitors vs GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Psoriatic Arthritis [Letter].Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular events. They also experience increased absenteeism and reduced work productivity, all of which can negatively affect both life expectancy and quality of life. Objective: We conducted this emulated target trial to compare the risk of incident PsA among patients with T2DM treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus those treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA). Methods: We identified 188,378 users of SGLT2 inhibitors and 213,218 users of GLP-1 receptor agonists within the TriNetX network between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2024. Following propensity score matching, 146,810 matched pairs of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA users were included for analysis. The primary causal estimands were the intention-to-treat (ITT) effects of the respective treatment strategies. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to estimate outcome probabilities, and hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, along with tests for proportionality. Results: In this emulated target trial, users of SGLT2i showed a significantly lower risk of developing PsA compared to users of GLP-1 RA. At 5 years of follow-up, the hazard ratio for PsA was 0.793 (95% CI, 0.667-0.944). The proportional hazards assumption was tested and met (p > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves further showed a significantly lower cumulative incidence of PsA among SGLT2i users compared to GLP-1 RA users (Log rank test p = 0.008). These associations remained consistent after adjusting for multiple covariates and were further supported by sensitivity analyses using a per-protocol approach. Conclusion: This multicenter emulated target trial found that SGLT2i use was associated with a lower risk of incident PsA compared with GLP-1 RA use. However, given the observational nature of the study and the potential for residual confounding despite extensive adjustment, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further prospective and randomized studies are warranted to confirm this association.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.