ArticleBiotechnology letters2026
Production of mannosylated hrsACE2 by baculovirus expression system; the way to remove and redirect SARS-CoV-2 viral particles to macrophages.
Article in Biotechnology letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe immune system combats viral infections through innate and adaptive responses, with macrophages and dendritic cells playing key roles in pathogen clearance. Neutralizing antibodies aid viral elimination but have variable efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, which uses ACE2 for entry. Human recombinant soluble ACE2 (hrsACE2) acts as a decoy to block viral entry but has limitations in affinity and immune uptake. We produced mannosylated hrsACE2 (Mann-hrsACE2) via a baculovirus expression system to enhance uptake by innate immune cells, aiming to improve viral neutralization and stimulate cell-mediated immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
methodsMann-hrsACE2 protein was produced in Sf9 insect cells using recombinant baculovirus, purified by Ni-NTA chromatography, and verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Its interaction with macrophages was assessed by FITC-labeling and analyzed through fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.
resultsExpressed Mann-hrsACE2 displayed an upward shift SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Flow cytometry revealed macrophage uptake of Mann-hrsACE2 at 3, 28, and 98% corresponding to concentrations of 1, 10, and 51 nM, respectively.
conclusionThe increased molecular weight of the expressed protein confirmed its glycosylation. Its mannosylation enabled efficient uptake by macrophages, key antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. Furthermore, by binding to SARS-CoV-2, the protein not only inhibits viral entry but also redirects the virus to macrophages for enhanced immune clearance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42473006What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.