ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2026
ChatGPT vs. multidisciplinary team decisions in auditory implantation: a concordance analysis of implant type and side selection.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionAuditory implantation is a standard rehabilitation strategy for patients with severe hearing loss, and candidacy determination requires a multidisciplinary, multidimensional evaluation. With the increasing clinical use of artificial intelligence-based large language models, ChatGPT has emerged as a potential decision-support tool. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between multidisciplinary team (MDT) decisions and ChatGPT recommendations in pediatric and adult implant candidates.
methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 100 consecutive auditory implant candidates (50 pediatric, 50 adult) evaluated at a tertiary referral center. Each case was independently presented to ChatGPT (OpenAI, accessed March 2025) using standardized English prompts. ChatGPT was asked whether implantation was recommended and, if so, which side should be implanted. MDT decisions were used as the reference standard, and agreement between MDT and ChatGPT was analyzed using Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficient.
resultsHigh agreement was observed between MDT and ChatGPT for both implant type (κ = 0.714; p < 0.001) and side of implantation (κ = 0.701; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated higher agreement in pediatric patients (implant type κ = 0.773; side κ = 0.784; p < 0.001) compared to adults (implant type κ = 0.589; side κ = 0.601; p < 0.001). Concordance was also higher in simple cases than in clinically complex cases.
conclusionChatGPT demonstrated substantial agreement with MDT decisions regarding implant type and side of implantation, with higher concordance in pediatric and simple cases. These findings suggest that ChatGPT may serve as a supportive decision-making tool in structured clinical scenarios; however, multidisciplinary evaluation remains essential in individualized and complex cases.
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