Design and development of an open-source high-temperature FFF 3D printer for high-performance polymers.

Charlotte Thompson, Luke Salisbury, Evan Garrison, Lillian DeJean, Santanu Kundu, Matthew W Priddy

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in HardwareX, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

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0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Charlotte ThompsonMichael W. Hall School of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.

Luke SalisburyMichael W. Hall School of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.

Evan GarrisonDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.

Lillian DeJeanEast Mississippi Community College, Mayhew, MS, 39759, USA.

Santanu KunduDave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.

Matthew W PriddyMichael W. Hall School of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.

Funding

EMCC-MSU Bridges to Baccalaureate Degree ProgramR25GM123920 · NIGMS · MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY · PI KOUBA, CARRIE, MEYER, FLORENCIA · 2018 to 2022

$1.1M

NIGMS NIH HHS R25 GM123920

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Various commercial systems have been developed for printing high-performance polymers such as polyetherimide (PEI) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for use in medical, aerospace, automotive, and electrical components.High-performance polymers offer improved chemical resistance, thermal resistance, and mechanical properties compared to commonly used FFF materials such as PLA, PETG, and ABS. However, high-performance polymers are difficult to print due to the high printing temperatures required, such as nozzle temperatures up to 450°C, chamber temperature of 150°C, and bed temperatures up to 170°C. Most commercial systems capable of fabricating these materials are cost-prohibitive and lack modularity for user customization or modifications. An open-source, high-temperature FFF 3D printer was designed and constructed for high-performance polymers to be easily constructed, highly modular, and user-friendly. The printer was built using readily available components and controlled with a Duet3D motherboard running RepRap firmware to be highly customizable. The frame was built with aluminum T-slot channels to allow for integration with sensors, such as additional thermocouples or cameras for robust process monitoring. The printer can accommodate a 500°C nozzle, 200°C bed, and 120°C chamber. The system was validated through successful fabrication of ULTEM 1010, ULTEM 9085, and PEEK components. Performance was evaluated using three ULTEM 1010 calibration cubes printed under optimized process parameters. Dimensional measurements were used to assess accuracy, precision, and repeatability of the printer.

Indexed as

3D printerAdditive manufacturingOpen-source hardwarePEEKRepRapThermoplasticsULTEM

Identifiers

PMID42472295

DOI10.1016/j.ohx.2026.e00807

PMCPMC13380227

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.