ArticleOpen mind : discoveries in cognitive science2026
Word Trigram Frequency Predicts Failure to Detect Word Transpositions: Implications for Rational Inference in Reading.
Article in Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A substantial recent literature has investigated readers' failure to detect transposed words in otherwise grammatical sentences. This phenomenon may reflect a process of rational inference, whereby a reader's prior over word strings overrides the bottom-up perceptual evidence. In three experiments, we tested the prediction emerging from the rational inference framework that failure to detect a transposition should be most common when the prior probability of the untransposed string is high. We found that the frequency of the trigram consisting of the two transposed words and the preceding word predicts failure to notice the transposition: Readers are more likely to miss a transposition of the final two words of a high-frequency trigram such as
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