ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2026
Comparing Postconcussion Sway Balance and Cognitive Test Performance With Preinjury Baseline Identifies a Higher Percentage of Impaired Concussed Athletes Than Comparison With Normative Values.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Baseline and postinjury neurocognitive and balance testing assist in the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. We evaluated the utility of comparing postinjury performance on the Sway Medical System Sports+ test battery with individualized baseline data and normative reference data. Hypothesis: Comparisons with baseline data would identify a higher proportion of concussed athletes with impaired scores, as opposed to comparing postinjury performance with normative data. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Baseline assessments were conducted 1 year apart using the Sway Sports+ battery. Postinjury assessments were conducted within 3 days of concussion and compared with both baseline and normative data using thresholds for 70%, 80%, 90% and 95% CIs. Outcomes were evaluated based on the number of modules within the test battery that surpassed confidence interval thresholds. Results: Both comparison approaches identified a high proportion of concussed athletes as impaired when considering impairment on ≥1 measures (eg, 95% using baseline data, 89% using normative data [70% CI]; 89% baseline, 80% normative [80% CI]; 82% baseline, 70% normative [90% CI]). However, impairment on a single module was common and occurred in both the concussed and the nonconcussed samples. When impairment on ≥2 modules was considered, the baseline comparison method correctly identified a higher proportion of concussed athletes as impaired than the normative comparison method (eg, 82% vs 68% [70% CI]; 67% vs 58% [80% CI]; 52% vs 47% [90% CI]). Impairment on ≥2 modules was uncommon in the control sample but occurred frequently in the concussed sample. Conclusion: Baseline comparisons consistently classified a greater percentage of athletes as concussed than normative comparisons, across all confidence intervals.
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