ReviewNigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association
Putting Out the Fire before it becomes an Inferno: Responding to an Outbreak of Diphtheria in Edo State, Nigeria.
Review in Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The recent outbreak of diphtheria in Nigeria, lasting over 18 months, is largely attributed to a lack of vaccination, but other factors may have been contributory. The study aims to describe the characteristics of cases and control measures of a localised outbreak of diphtheria in Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a descriptive study of patients who met the case definition for suspected diphtheria in Edo state between May and September 2024. A multidisciplinary management strategy was instituted for sample collection, integrated disease surveillance, contact investigation, awareness creation and standard treatment protocols. Data (age, gender, immunization status, signs and symptoms, receipt of Diphtheria Antitoxin (DAT), laboratory results and outcomes) were extracted from the case notes, entered into an Excel spreadsheet and exported into an SPSS spreadsheet for analysis. Continuous data were expressed as median (IQR), categorical data were summarized as proportions, and the level of immunity was categorized into adequate and inadequate. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the University of Benin Health Research Ethics Committee with Protocol Number: ADM/22/A/VOL.VII/4831141825 and dated May 28 Results: Of the19 suspected cases, 5(26.3%) were laboratory confirmed, and 4/5(80.0%) of the confirmed cases were older than 9 years. The commonest symptoms were catarrh12(63.2%), sore throat and neck swelling 11(57.9%) each, and fever and hoarseness 10(52.6%). The majority, 89.6% were vaccinated. Of the ten cases that had serology done, 7(70%) had inadequate immunity. No secondary cases were found on contact investigation. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary team approach ensured this outbreak did not spread widely. With diphtheria occurring in almost 90% of previously vaccinated children, waned immunity was likely a major contributor to this outbreak. It is recommended that booster doses be included in the immunization schedule of Nigerian children.
Identifiers
42471875PMC13379828What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.