Terroir-driven phenolic chemotypes and antioxidant/antimicrobial activities of Beldia (Cannabis sativa L.) seed extracts.

Oumayma Boussetta, Oussama Khibech, Abdessadek Essadek, Shehdeh Jodeh, Meryem Idrissi Yahyaoui, Abdeslam Asehraou, Chin-Hung Lai, Mohammed Ramdani

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Article in Journal of cannabis research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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Oumayma BoussettaLaboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Bd. Med VI, B.P. 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco.

Oussama KhibechLaboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE-ECOMP), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, PB, Morocco.

Abdessadek EssadekLaboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Bd. Med VI, B.P. 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco. a.essadek@ump.ac.ma.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-1803

Shehdeh JodehDepartment of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine. sjodeh@najah.edu.

Meryem Idrissi YahyaouiDepartment of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.

Abdeslam AsehraouDepartment of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.

Chin-Hung LaiDepartment of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.

Mohammed RamdaniLaboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Bd. Med VI, B.P. 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Geographical variation in the phenolic composition and bioactivity of Moroccan Beldia (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds remains insufficiently characterized, limiting their rational valorization as bioactive resources. This study investigated aqueous extracts from defatted seeds collected in Ketama, Taounate, and Ouazzane using HPLC-DAD phenolic profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial assays, and molecular docking. Data are reported as mean ± SD (n = 3), and regional differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test when applicable. Clear regional discrimination was observed. Ouazzane gave the highest extraction yield (8.08 ± 0.24%), total phenolic content (16.13 ± 0.48 mg GAE/100 g DM), total flavonoid content (6.78 ± 0.20 mg QE/100 g DM), and total antioxidant capacity (565.80 ± 5.90 mg AAE/g), whereas Ketama showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 10.25 ± 0.03 µg/mL). HPLC-DAD revealed distinct chemotypes dominated by 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (33.26-36.63%), with Taounate enriched in vanillic acid (35.00%) and caffeic acid (20.44%). Antimicrobial assays showed the best MIC values against Micrococcus luteus (0.50 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Geotrichum candidum (0.12 ± 0.00 mg/mL). Docking highlighted flavonoid-type constituents as the most plausible active contributors, with catechin hydrate and rutin showing the strongest affinity toward CYP51 (-9.6 kcal/mol). Moroccan terroir strongly shapes the functional profile of Beldia seed extracts and supports region-guided sourcing for future bioactive applications.

Indexed as

Antimicrobial activityAntioxidant activityAqueous seed extractsCannabis sativa LGeographical influenceHPLC–DAD

Identifiers

PMID42471739

DOI10.1186/s42238-026-00468-y

PMCPMC13663019

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