ArticleBMC health services research2026
Transforming hemodialysis access in Kenya: a national assessment of the Managed Equipment Services model.
Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionKenya introduced the Managed Equipment Services (MES) model in 2015 as a seven-year national contract to address significant gaps in access to hemodialysis, which had previously been available in fewer than ten public hospitals. The MES aimed to expand hemodialysis capacity by centralizing procurement, standardizing equipment, and ensuring maintenance across all 47 counties. This study provides the first national evaluation of hemodialysis performance under the MES model.
methodsWe conducted a multi-year retrospective analysis of 54 public hospitals equipped through the MES, six years after implementation, using data from the MES contract, the MES final survey, NHIF reimbursement schedules, and the 2019 Population Census. Hemodialysis system performance was assessed across four domains, including capacity, utilization, reporting accuracy, and cost efficiency, using descriptive statistics, time series trends, and discrepancy analysis.
resultsA total of 54 hemodialysis centers equipped with 305 machines were established across all 47 counties, resulting in national densities of 1.14 centers and 6.41 machines per million people. Machine density varied more than 30-fold across counties. Between June 2015 and April 2021, 392,497 hemodialysis sessions were conducted, with monthly utilization increasing by 376%, from 2,100 sessions in June 2015 to 10,173 in April 2021. Time-series regression showed a significant upward trend (+75.5 sessions per month, R
conclusionThe MES significantly increased Kenya's public hemodialysis capacity and supported rapid nationwide growth in service use. However, disparities in geography, facilities, and documentation persisted, with many hospitals operating below capacity and inconsistent reporting. Although the program broke even financially and had a positive return on investment, facility performance varied widely. These results show that expanding infrastructure alone was not enough to achieve equity or efficient hemodialysis service delivery, highlighting the need to improve staffing, data quality, and system coordination to make the most of future renal care investments.
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