ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Pattern of bacterial uropathogens and multidrug resistance in selected private laboratories, Ibb city, Yemen: a retrospective study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a significant global health burden, and rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens effective empirical treatment. Ibb City lacks contemporary, comprehensive resistance data from large cohorts that are essential to guide treatment decisions and antimicrobial stewardship. This analysis aimed to determine the spectrum of bacterial uropathogens and evaluate the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR).
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 905 non-duplicate, consecutive culture-confirmed UTI cases in Ibb between August 2024 and August 2025. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 42 antibiotics across multiple classes using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, Cochran-Armitage trend test, and Monte Carlo simulation for contingency tables with low expected cell counts.
resultsThe majority of cases were recorded among females with 593 cases (65.5%) and young adults aged 19-35 years with 462 cases (51.0%). Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen (387, 42.8%), followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (300, 33.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (131, 14.5%), Klebsiella spp. (30, 3.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21, 2.3%), Enterobacter spp. (21, 2.3%), Proteus spp. (12, 1.3%), and Acinetobacter spp. (3, 0.3%). The significant associations were observed between uropathogen distribution and demographic factors, including sex and age group (P < 0.001). The overall MDR prevalence was 27.8% (252/905). MDR prevalence showed a significant positive correlation with age (P < 0.001), increasing progressively from 12.7% in pediatric patients to 38.6% in elderly patients. Enterobacter spp. had the highest MDR rate (42.9%), followed by Proteus spp. (41.7%), E. coli (35.4%), P. aeruginosa (33.3%), S. aureus (19.8%), and S. saprophyticus (19.3%).
conclusionThe finding revealed an increased burden of antimicrobial resistance in the study area, with an association between rising rates of MDR and advancing age. This necessitates a review of antimicrobial use protocols and the implementation of effective strategies to monitor the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.