ArticleBMC nephrology2026
Acute kidney phenotypes in France: nationwide annual first-hospitalization rates and phenotype-specific epidemiology from administrative health data.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAcute kidney phenotypes are a major cause of hospitalization, but nationwide data on their hospitalization rates and sociodemographic characteristics are limited. We conducted a nationwide hospitalization-based study of acute kidney phenotypes identified from administrative health data in France.
methodsWe performed a nationwide study using data from the French National Health Data System between 2019 and 2021. Hospitalizations with a principal discharge diagnosis corresponding to one of four acute kidney phenotypes - acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulopathy, tubulointerstitial/acute pyelonephritis (TIN/AP), or nephrolithiasis - collectively referred to as acute kidney phenotypes (AKP) were identified in the French national hospital discharge database using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes. Annual first-hospitalization rates were age and sex-standardized to the 2021 French population and expressed per 1,000,000 inhabitants with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsAmong 624,130 patients hospitalized with an AKP, nephrolithiasis accounted for 49.8% of cases, TIN/AP for 34.2%, AKI for 12.3%, and glomerulopathy for 3.7%. Age- and sex-standardized annual first-hospitalization rates (per 1,000,000 inhabitants) by phenotype are reported for each calendar year. For glomerulopathy, rates were 132 (95% CI 130-135) in 2019, 115 (112-117) in 2020 and 116 (113-119) in 2021. AKI rates were 428 (423-433) in 2019, 409 (404-414) in 2020 and 428 (423-433) in 2021. Nephrolithiasis rates were 1,782 (1,772-1,792), 1,700 (1,690-1,710) and 1,737 (1,727-1,746), respectively. TIN/AP rates were 1,162 (1,154-1,170) in 2019, 1,063 (1,055 - 1,071) in 2020 and 1,039 (1,031 - 1,047) in 2021. TIN/AP showed a bimodal age distribution (20.3% <10 years; 27.3% ≥80 years) and a marked female predominance (73.5%), consistent with the predominance of acute pyelonephritis within this claims-based phenotype (84%).
conclusionThis nationwide study provides the first hospitalization-based estimates of four acute kidney phenotypes in France and highlights distinct epidemiological profiles across subtypes. These findings support targeted prevention and monitoring of high-risk patients and provide a framework for future pharmacoepidemiological studies of drug-associated nephrotoxicity.
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