ArticleScientific reports2026
Enhanced insecticidal efficacy of nanoencapsulated bergamot essential oil against stored-product pest Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In this study, bergamot essential oil (BEO) was encapsulated within β-cyclodextrin/gum Arabic (BEO-βCD/GA) to enhance its physicochemical properties and its toxicity against Tribolium castaneum, a major stored-product pest. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected D-limonene (59.38%) as the predominant component of BEO. The optimized BEO-βCD/GA exhibited a particle size of 194.26 ± 2.45 nm, a low polydispersity index (0.04 ± 0.003), zeta potential of - 31.23 mV, and a high encapsulation efficiency of 88.12%, indicating a homogeneous system. BEO-βCD/GA showed greater toxicity than BEO, producing lower LC values and higher T. castaneum mortality across concentrations and exposure periods. The carrier substances showed no toxicity to T. castaneum, confirming that the observed effects were due to BEO or BEO-βCD/GA. The LC
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