Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42469190›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Immune correlates of risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a prospective, community-based cohort study.

Katherine L Hoffman, Grace Marshall, Collrane Frivold, Zack Acker, Isabel S Arnould, Tara M Babu, Sarina R Barnes, Melissa Briggs-Hagen, Amanda Casto, Erica Clark and 34 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

44 authors.

Katherine L HoffmanDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. khof@uw.edu.
Grace MarshallDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Collrane FrivoldDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2000-5429
Zack AckerBrotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Isabel S ArnouldDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Tara M BabuDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-4077
Sarina R BarnesDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Melissa Briggs-HagenU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Amanda CastoDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8332-8578
Erica ClarkDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sarah N CoxDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-0504
Mark DrummondDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-2678-9310
Brenna EhmenBrotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Janet A EnglundSeattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-4178
Luis GamboaBrotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Alexander L GreningerDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-0527
Sally GrindstaffBrotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Hanna GrioniSeattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-8579-032X
Peter HanBrotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Tara HatchieDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Madison HollcroftDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jennifer L KuntzKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
Natalie K LoDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Christine M LockwoodBrotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kaden D McAllisterDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5594-3370
Carter J McCormickDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Melissa P MacMillanDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Claire M MidgleyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-4713
Daniel NguyenDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ian D PlumbU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jonathan C ReedDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-7636
Sacha ReichKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
Pavitra RoychoudhuryDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4567-8232
Mark SchmidtKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
Lea M StaritaBrotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-5099
Jeremy StoneBrotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7565-2463
Alexandra VargaKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
Ana A WeilDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-4306
Charles J WolockDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-1102
Neil YetzKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
Peter B GilbertDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-9427
Allison L NalewayKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
Helen Y ChuDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-9600
Marco CaroneDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-0953

Funding

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 75D30120C09322 AM002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Few studies have characterized immune correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in children, particularly those with hybrid immunity from vaccination and prior infection. We conduct a prospective community-based cohort study of 1509 U.S. children (2022-2024), performing weekly SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing and measuring baseline binding and neutralizing antibody titers against multiple variants. Higher antibody levels, notably nucleocapsid-binding and Omicron-specific neutralizing antibodies, are significantly associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjusting for age, recent infection, exposure settings, and temporal trends (adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 0.60 to 0.87 per positive unit difference in log

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2AdolescentAntibodies, NeutralizingChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleProspective StudiesRisk FactorsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, Viral

Identifiers

PMID42469190
PMCPMC13493811

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.