ArticleBMJ open quality2026
Embedding human factors and systems thinking in patient safety education: the Contributing factors, Analysis, and Recommendation Education (CARE) Tool.
Article in BMJ open quality, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDespite the recognised need, there remains a deficit of professionals skilled in the application of human factors theory and methods in patient safety incident reviews in healthcare. Addressing this gap by embedding human factors theory into quality and safety education is needed to develop professional who can drive sustainable and meaningful patient safety improvement.
objectiveDevelop an educational tool to support graduate students in developing knowledge and skills in the practical application of human factors frameworks to real-world patient safety challenges.
methodsThe tool was iteratively developed and used within a graduate-level human factors course using case-based learning to facilitate a theory-to-practice application.
resultWe developed the
conclusionThe CARE Tool was designed to facilitate practical understanding of human factors principles. Importantly, the CARE Tool contributes to addressing the need to develop professionals who can embed systems thinking into patient safety incident review methods. Beyond the classroom, the tool may be used by those analysing incidents in healthcare settings and/or developing mitigations.
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