Submucosal urethral bulking with 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (Mictamid) for urinary incontinence in male dogs using a percutaneous fluoroscopically assisted perineal approach.

backgroundUrethral bulking using cystoscopic injection of various bulking agents has been commonly utilized in female dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI), but its use in male dogs with urinary incontinence has not been well described. HYPOTHESIS/

objectivesDescribe the treatment and outcomes of male dogs with urinary incontinence that underwent submucosal cystoscopic injection of 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) using a percutaneous fluoroscopically assisted perineal approach. ANIMALS: Five client-owned male dogs with urinary incontinence.

methodsRetrospective case series. Male dogs with urinary incontinence that underwent a percutaneous fluoroscopically assisted perineal approach for submucosal cystoscopic injection of PAHG. Complications were recorded. Continence scores (1 = constant incontinence to 5 = fully continent) were assessed before the procedure, 30 days after bulking, and at the time of last follow-up and compared using a Friedman multiple comparison test.

resultsAll 5 dogs had suspected USMI and 1 dog also had a urethral diverticulum. All 5 dogs had improvement in their urinary incontinence. The median initial continence score was 2 (range, 2-4). The continence score improved significantly compared with the baseline score both at 30 days post-bulking (median, 5; range, 4-5) and at the time of last follow-up (median, 5; range, 4-5; P = .03). Median time of last follow-up was 108 days post-bulking (range, 51-154 days). One dog had self-limiting hematuria. No severe adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Percutaneous fluoroscopically assisted perineal approach for submucosal cystoscopic injection of PAHG in male dogs with urinary incontinence is a promising treatment option.