ArticleJournal of animal science2026
Exploring the interaction of vitamin A and zinc in finishing cattle.
Article in Journal of animal science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Angus-cross steers (n = 95; BW = 473 ± 20 kg) were used to explore the interaction between vitamin A and zinc (Zn) and their influence on performance and carcass quality. Steers were stratified by BW to pens (n = 16; four pens/treatment), each equipped with a GrowSafe bunk (Vytelle, LLC., Lenexa, KS). Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial; vitamin A treatments (VA) were: 0 IU supplemental vitamin A/kg DM (0VA) or 2,200 IU supplemental vitamin A/kg DM (2200VA; retinyl acetate, DSM Nutritional Products, Pendergrass, GA); Zn treatments (ZN) were: 0 mg/kg Zn (0ZN) or 120 mg/kg Zn (120ZN; ZnSO4). Steers were implanted with Synovex Plus (200 mg trenbolone acetate, 28 mg estradiol benzoate; Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) at trial initiation. Individual BW was collected on days -1, 0, 28, 56, 83, and 84. Blood (serum, plasma) was collected on days 0, 56, and 79. Liver was collected on days 3 and 79. Blood and liver were analyzed for retinol and trace mineral concentrations. Carcass data were collected after a 48-hr chill. Data were analyzed in Proc MIXED or Proc GLIMMIX (SAS 9.4, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) with fixed effects of ZN and VA and the interaction; blood was analyzed via repeated measures (n = 23-24 per treatment, steer as experimental unit). There were no differences due to ZN, VA, or ZN × VA for live BW, overall ADG, or overall dry matter intake (P ≥ 0.21). Overall G:F was lesser in 0VA compared to 2200VA (VA; P = 0.05). No differences were observed in HCW, marbling, or REA due to ZN, VA, or ZN × VA (P ≥ 0.14). There was a tendency for rib fat to be greater in 0ZN-2200VA compared to other treatments (ZN × VA, P = 0.08). Dressing percentage was greatest in 0ZN-0VA and 120ZN-2200VA and least in 120ZN-0VA and 0ZN-2200VA, with 0ZN-0VA being not different from 120ZN-0VA (ZN × VA, P < 0.01). A greater percentage of carcasses graded average Choice or higher in 0VA compared to 2200VA (VA, P = 0.03). Liver retinol concentrations were lesser in 0VA compared to 2200VA (P = 0.01) and were unaffected by ZN (P ≥ 0.31). Serum retinol in 0VA declined upon removing vitamin A supplementation, 2200VA remained constant and was greater than that of 0VA from day 56 until harvest (VA × Day; P < 0.01). Liver Zn was unaffected by any treatment (P ≥ 0.16). Plasma Zn concentration was affected by ZN × VA (P = 0.02), where it was greatest in 120ZN (0VA and 2200VA), least in 0ZN-0VA, and intermediate in 0ZN-2200VA. Plasma Cu remained constant in 0VA until d 56 then declined prior to harvest, while in 2200VA steers increased by day 56 and remained greater than 0VA until harvest (VA × Day; P = 0.01). Liver Cu was lowest in 120ZN-2200VA compared to all other treatments (ZN × VA; P = 0.04). In finishing beef steers, dietary vitamin A supplementation presents a trade-off between optimal growth performance and carcass merit. Vitamin A supplementation increased plasma Zn concentration, and in this study supplementing both vitamin A and Zn promoted a shift in carcass composition.
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