ArticleThe journal of physical chemistry letters2026
Revealing the Role of TiO2 Blocking Layers in Hematite Photoanodes through Activation Energy Analysis of Back Recombination via in Situ Near-Field Heterodyne Transient Grating Spectroscopy.
Article in The journal of physical chemistry letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a promising photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, but its performance is limited by severe back recombination between electrons in the conductive substrate and long-lived holes at the photoelectrode surface. Introducing a TiO2 blocking layer is known to suppress this recombination by inhibiting electron back-transfer. In this study, we fabricated hematite and TiO2/hematite films and, by analyzing Arrhenius plots derived from near-field heterodyne transient grating (NF-HD-TG) responses, we revealed that the TiO2/hematite film exhibits both a higher activation energy for back recombination and a higher initial electron concentration in FTO than the bare hematite film. These results demonstrate that TiO2 acts as an effective blocking layer and the activation energy of back recombination serves as a physically meaningful quantitative metric for evaluating and comparing the effects of the blocking layer in hematite photoanodes.
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