ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Association between heavy metals, essential trace elements in follicular fluid and diminished ovarian reserve: a hospital-based case-control study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the distribution of heavy metals and essential trace elements in follicular fluid (FF) and their association with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) using a clinical epidemiological approach. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Following propensity score matching (PSM) to control for demographic confounders (age and BMI), baseline clinical data and FF samples were analyzed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to quantify metal elements in FF. Associations were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Results: FF concentrations of arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca) were significantly higher in the DOR group than in the control group ( Conclusion: Heavy metals and essential trace elements in FF exhibit joint mixture effects in the pathogenesis of DOR. While Sr serves as a surrogate marker for cumulative exposure, As, Ca, and Fe are independently and positively associated with the likelihood of DOR, whereas Zn exhibits a protective association. Maintaining local trace element homeostasis may be critical for preserving ovarian reserve.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.