ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026
Enhancing psychiatry education: effectiveness of a psychodynamic psychotherapy module for borderline personality disorder for psychiatry residents.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Psychodynamic psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for borderline personality disorder (BPD); however, psychiatric residents frequently report difficulty in applying it, partly due to the lack of structured training models. This study developed and evaluated the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy learning modules for BPD among Indonesian psychiatry residents. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-/post-test control group study using mixed methods was conducted across nine psychiatric residency programs in Indonesia. Thirty-four residents were recruited, of whom 33 completed the study. Learning outcomes were assessed using multiple-choice questions and the Psychodynamic Formulation Competency Assessment Scale (PF-CAS) and Practical Competency Assessment Scale (PC-CAS). The module program was evaluated by the participants using the Indonesian version of the Kirkpatrick Level 1 questionnaire. Results: The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in psychodynamic formulation skills (PF-CAS) than the control group (p < 0.001). The multiple-choice scores improved in both groups, with no significant between-group differences. The intervention group showed a numerically greater improvement in Practical Skills (PC-CAS) than the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Participants' feedback was highly positive, emphasizing the usefulness of psychodynamic formulation training, psychotherapy protocols, and supervision. Conclusion: Implementation of the psychodynamic psychotherapy for BPD Learning Module enhanced competencies in the cognitive and affective domains and showed promising trends in practical skills. This positive reception highlights its feasibility and potential benefits as part of the residency training curriculum.
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