Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42466018›Full record

ArticlePublic health weekly report2026

Genomic Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants in Airport and Port Wastewaters, Republic of Korea, 2025.

Chaeyoung Lee, Jin Sun No, Il-Hwan Kim, Byeong-Soo Kang, Eun-Jin Kim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health weekly report, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Chaeyoung LeeDivision of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-039X
Jin Sun NoDivision of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4400-7872
Il-Hwan KimDivision of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-5523
Byeong-Soo KangDivision of Quarantine Policy, Department of Infectious Disease Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4161-4637
Eun-Jin KimDivision of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnosis and analysis, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-8004

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to examine the mutation status of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater samples collected from airports and ports, monitor variant trends, and provide baseline data for the early detection of emerging variants. Methods: Wastewater samples were collected from 13 quarantine stations and tested for pathogens using TaqMan Array Card polymerase chain reaction. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on SARS-CoV-2-positive samples, and the relative proportions of all SARS-CoV-2 lineages present in the wastewater samples were calculated using the Freyja analytical method. Results: Analysis of 382 specimens subjected to whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that NB.1.8.1 increased in airport and port wastewater samples after March, reaching a peak prevalence of 64.0% in August. Thereafter, the sublineage PQ.2 increased to 38.9% in November. Conversely, aircraft and ship wastewater samples were predominantly characterized by XFG rather than NB.1.8.1 and PQ.2, in line with global variant circulation trends. Conclusions: Wastewater surveillance at airports and ports is anticipated to play a complementary role in existing clinical monitoring by allowing the early detection of imported cases and offering continuous monitoring of community transmission.

Indexed as

Airport and portGenomic surveillanceSARS-CoV-2Wastewater-based surveillance

Identifiers

PMID42466018
PMCPMC13373624

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.