ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Engineered
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The rising global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) creates an urgent need for safer, gut-targeted therapies. Current treatments, from small-molecule drugs to systemic anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) biologics, are frequently limited by off-target immunosuppression, heightened infection risk, and poor mucosal bioavailability. Engineered probiotic-based live biotherapeutics offer a compelling alternative by enabling localized drug production within the inflamed intestine. Methods: We engineered Results: Among the tested signal peptides, α-hemolysin (HlyA) achieved highest secretion (4.6 mg/L), and the plasmid-based strain markedly outperformed genomic integrants without impairing growth. Simulations confirmed stable complementarity-determining regions (CDR)-mediated binding, consistent with the high affinity (EC Conclusion: This study establishes EcN-MT1 as a potent, orally deliverable live biotherapeutic that achieves localized TNF-α neutralization while concurrently promoting microbial and mucosal homeostasis, offering a novel and translatable strategy for IBD treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.