Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42465694›Full record

ArticleVirtual reality2026

Incongruent virtual reality attenuates breathlessness and leg fatigue during stationary cycling.

Lara Biller, Lucy Starling, Ayush Sinha, David Dearlove, Richard Bruce, Oliver Runswick, Stephen Taylor, Martin Sergeant, Sarah Finnegan, Kyle Pattinson

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virtual reality, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lara Biller *Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, 6th Floor, West Wing, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK.
Lucy Starling *Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, 6th Floor, West Wing, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK.
Ayush SinhaMedical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
David DearloveMedical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Richard BruceCentre of Humans and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Oliver RunswickInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.
Stephen TaylorWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Martin SergeantNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, 6th Floor, West Wing, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK.
Sarah FinneganNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, 6th Floor, West Wing, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK.
Kyle PattinsonNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, 6th Floor, West Wing, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study tests whether creating incongruence between visual stimuli and pedalling resistance in virtual reality (VR) cycling can attenuate breathlessness and leg fatigue. We performed a trial in healthy participants, patient and public involvement (PPI) activities, and a feasibility study with patients with cardiac and respiratory conditions. Healthy Participants Study: Forty-eight healthy individuals engaged in a double-blind, randomized trial comparing incongruent VR (visual slope less than pedal resistance) with a congruent control. Incongruent VR significantly reduced breathlessness and leg fatigue (effect size = 0.39, SE = 0.04,

Indexed as

BicyclingBreathlessnessEffort/ExertionHuman ExercisePatient InvolvementPerceptionSensationVirtual Reality

Identifiers

PMID42465694
PMCPMC13372920

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.